| HRB轴承 | 滚动轴承温升影响因素 |
| 添加时间：2018/9/21 16:06:54 浏览次数： |
| 1 前言 1 Preface 滚动轴承运转过程中温升是衡量轴承质量的重要指标之一，本文对温升的影响因素进行了探讨分析，供读者参考。 Temperature rise of rolling bearing is one of the important indexes to measure the quality of bearing. This paper discusses and analyzes the influencing factors of temperature rise for readers'reference. 2 结构设计对温升的影响 2 Effect of structural design on temperature rise 2.1 滚动体的形状与数量 2.1 the shape and number of rollers 通常球轴承运转温度低于滚子轴承，但是球轴承负荷越大温升越高，而滚子轴承的运转温度对载荷增加并不敏感。相同条件下，滚动体数量少的温度上升的高，这是因为同一负载时，滚动体数量少，滚动体负载增加，接触面弹性变形量增大，摩擦力矩增加的缘故。负载越大，这种倾向越显著。 Usually the operating temperature of the ball bearing is lower than that of the roller bearing, but the higher the load, the higher the temperature rise, and the operating temperature of the roller bearing is not sensitive to the increase of the load. Under the same conditions, the temperature rises higher when the number of rolling elements is small, because the number of rolling elements is small, the load of rolling elements increases, the elastic deformation of the contact surface increases, and the friction moment increases under the same load. The greater the load, the more obvious this tendency. 2.2 保持架形状与材料 2.2 cage shape and material 保持架形状有利于搅拌润滑剂。轴承的温升高，与润滑剂的量有关，润滑剂量少时无影响。无保持架轴承运转温度一般高于有保持架轴承，速度越高这种倾向越强。无保持架轴承容易产生滚动体的不规则运动，但是如果保证游隙，也可实现与一般带保持架的轴承相同速度。 The cage shape is good for mixing lubricants. The temperature rise of the bearing is related to the amount of lubricant, and the lubricant content is not affected. No cage bearing operation temperature is generally higher than cage bearing, the higher the speed, the stronger the propensity. Non-cage bearings are prone to produce irregular movement of the rolling element, but if the clearance is guaranteed, it can also achieve the same speed as ordinary bearings with cages. 冲压形保持架一般由滚动体引导，通常运转温度比车制成型保持架套圈引导的低，车制保持架的重量比冲压保持架重，因此引导面的滑动摩擦大，温升高。另外套圈引导的保持架形式中，通常外圈引导的比内圈引导的轴承温升低，这是因为高速时在离心力的作用下，润滑剂甩向外滚道、外圈引导面，使内圈引导面处于贫油状态。 Stamping cage is generally guided by the rolling element, usually operating temperature is lower than the car made into the cage ring guide, the weight of the car made of cage than the press cage weight, so the sliding friction of the guide surface is greater, the temperature rises. In addition, in the cage form guided by the ring, the temperature rise of the bearing guided by the outer ring is usually lower than that guided by the inner ring. This is because at high speed, under the action of centrifugal force, the lubricant is thrown to the outer raceway and the guide surface of the outer ring, so that the guide surface of the inner ring is in poor oil condition. 车制成形保持架材料越轻，温升越低。聚合物材料保持架要比黄铜保持架运转温度低。铜合金的保持架温升比较低，这是由于铜合金跑合性好，滑动面很难出现断油的缘故。另外进行电镀的保持架运转温度低，它可减少引导面的滑动摩擦，非常适合高速轴承使用。 The lighter the material is, the lower the temperature is. The polymer material holder is lower than the brass cage. Copper alloy cage temperature rise is relatively low, this is due to good running-in of copper alloy, sliding surface is difficult to break oil. In addition, electroplated cage operation temperature is low, it can reduce sliding friction of guide surface, is very suitable for high-speed bearings. 3 安装使用对温升的影响 3 Effect of installation on temperature rise 3.1 预紧 3.1 pretensioning 定位预紧的圆锥滚子轴承，由于挡边与滚子端面的跑合而减少预紧量，因此轴承跑合一段时间温度也相应地下降。预紧增加时温度急剧上升预紧量越大，滚子与挡边跑合导致的温度下降尤为显著。表面粗糙度越粗，跑合引起预紧量减少越多。 The pre-tightening of tapered roller bearings with positioning pre-tightening reduces the pre-tightening due to the running-in of the flange and the end face of the roller, so the temperature of the bearing also drops correspondingly during running-in. When the pre-tightening increases, the temperature increases sharply and the pre-tightening amount increases, especially the temperature drop caused by the running-in of the roller and the edge guard. The thicker the surface roughness is, the more the preload will be reduced. 定压预紧时，即使产生跑合，轴承游隙（预紧）及轴向负荷的实际水平也无变化，因此，轴承的温度不变。 The actual level of bearing clearance (preload) and axial load remains unchanged even if running-in occurs during constant pressure preloading, so the bearing temperature remains unchanged. 3.2 游隙 3.2 clearance 滚动轴承起动时，初期温升相当高，达到一定值后，逐渐降低并达到稳定温度，这因为轴承开始运转时内圈摩擦热比外圈高，膨胀速度内圈比外圈快，运转游隙比残留游隙小的缘故。再继续运转，由于散热作用使内、外圈的温度相对稳定，运转游隙也随之稳定，多数情况轴承运转在最初的5min～6min可判断是否有异常温升。 When the rolling bearing starts, the initial temperature rise is quite high, and after reaching a certain value, it gradually decreases and reaches a stable temperature. This is because the friction heat of the inner ring is higher than that of the outer ring, the expansion speed of the inner ring is faster than that of the outer ring, and the running clearance is smaller than that of the residual clearance. When the bearing is running again, the temperature of the inner and outer rings is relatively stable because of the heat dissipation, and the running clearance is also stable. In most cases, the bearing runs in the initial 5-6 minutes to determine whether there is any abnormal temperature rise. 随着运转游隙的减小，滚动轴承的运转温度下降并达最低值，当游隙进一步减小为负游隙（预紧状态）时，温度会急剧增高。运转游隙增大时温度增高，这种倾向是由于受载的滚动体数量减少，滚动体的滚动接触面积增大，结果增加接触面滑动摩擦。另外运转游隙大，容易产生滚动体和保持架的不规则运动增加滑动磨擦，因此产生轴承的温升。 With the decrease of running clearance, the operating temperature of rolling bearing decreases and reaches the lowest value. When the clearance is further reduced to negative clearance (pre-tightening state), the temperature will increase sharply. The temperature increases with the increase of running clearance, which is due to the decrease of the number of loaded rollers and the increase of the rolling contact area of the rollers, resulting in the increase of sliding friction of the contact surface. In addition, large running clearance is easy to produce irregular movement of the roller and cage to increase sliding friction, so the bearing temperature rise. 3.3 润滑 3.3 lubrication 一般用途中，主要影响滚动轴承的使用温度范围是润滑剂与润滑方式，无论润滑剂、润滑方式如何，在运动面都会形成必要的润滑膜，而形成油膜的主要因素是粘度，轻载高速运行的轴承应选用低粘度的润滑剂，低速重载的场合应选用高粘度的润滑剂。这是由于润滑剂粘度低时，不能在接触区形成足够厚度的油膜，润滑剂粘度高时会由于内部摩擦而产生剧烈温升。 In general use, the main temperature range affecting the use of rolling bearings is lubricant and lubrication, no matter how lubricant, lubrication, in the moving surface will form the necessary lubrication film, and the formation of oil film is the main factor of viscosity, light load and high speed running bearings should choose low viscosity lubricant, low speed and heavy load field High viscosity lubricants should be selected. This is because the lubricant viscosity is low, can not form a sufficient thickness of oil film in the contact area, lubricant viscosity will be high due to internal friction and severe temperature rise. 润滑剂过少造成润滑不足，产生过热现象，导致保持架早期磨损，套圈滚道和滚动体退火而损坏；润滑剂过多会产生涡流，因摩擦过大使温度急剧升高。 Too little lubricant causes insufficient lubrication and overheating, which leads to early wear of cage and annealing of ring raceway and rolling element. Too much lubricant will produce eddy current, and the temperature will rise sharply because of excessive friction. |
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