| 轴承行业概况 |
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| 轴承行业概况 Survey of bearing industry 根据国家统计局数据，2011年中国轴承制造行业规模(年销售收入2000万元以上)企业共有1416家企业，全年实现工业总产值1932.11亿元，同比增长27.59%；销售收入为1910.97亿元，同比增长30.30%；利润总额125.23亿元，较上年增长为26.54%。预计到2015年，我国轴承产量有望超过280亿套，主营业务收入有望达到2100亿元，成为全球最大的轴承生产和销售基地。 According to the data of the National Bureau of statistics, in 2011, there were 1416 enterprises in the scale of China bearing manufacturing industry (over 20 million yuan per year). The total industrial output value was 193 billion 211 million yuan, up 27.59% in the year, 191 billion 97 million yuan, 30.30% and 12 billion 523 million yuan, up to 26.54% from the previous year. It is expected that by 2015, China's bearing production is expected to exceed 28 billion sets, and the main business income is expected to reach 210 billion yuan, becoming the largest bearing production and sales base in the world. 当前我国轴承行业主要面临三大突出问题：分别是行业生产集中度低、研发和创新能力低、制造技术水平低。 At present, China's bearing industry is mainly faced with three prominent problems: low concentration of industry production, low R&D and innovation capacity, low manufacturing technology level. 第一，行业生产集中度低。在全世界轴承约300亿美元的销售额中，世界8大跨国公司占75%～80%。德国两大公司占其全国总量的90%，日本5家占其全国总量的90%，美国1家占其全国总量的56%。而我国瓦轴等10家最大的轴承企业，销售额仅占全行业的24.7%，前30家的生产集中度也仅为37.4%。 First, the concentration of industry production is low. Among the world's sales of about $30 billion, the world's 8 largest multinational companies account for 75% to 80%. The two largest companies in Germany account for 90% of the total national total, while 5 of Japan accounts for 90% of the total national total, and 1 of the United States account for 56% of its total national total. While the sales of the 10 largest bearing enterprises, such as bushes and axles, account for only 24.7% of the total industry, and the production concentration of the top 30 enterprises is only 37.4%. 第二，研发和创新能力低。全行业基础理论研究弱，参与国际标准制订力度弱，少原创技术，少专利产品。 Second, the ability of R & D and innovation is low. The whole industry is weak in basic theoretical research, weak in participation in international standard setting, less original technology and less patented products. 当前我们的设计和制造技术基本上是模仿，产品开发能力低，表现在：虽然对国内主机的配套率达到80%，但高速铁路客车、中高档轿车、计算机、空调器、高水平轧机等重要主机的配套和维修轴承，基本上靠进口。 At present, our design and manufacturing technology are basically imitation, and the ability of product development is low. Although the matching rate for domestic host is 80%, the supporting and maintenance of the main mainframe, such as high speed railway passenger car, middle and high grade car, computer, air conditioner, high level rolling mill and other important mainframe, is basically imported. 第三，制造技术水平低。我国轴承工业制造工艺和工艺装备技术发展缓慢，车加工数控率低，磨加工自动化水平低，全国仅有200多条自动生产线。对轴承寿命和可靠性至关重要的先进热处理工艺和装备，如控制气氛保护加热、双细化、贝氏体淬火等覆盖率低，许多技术难题攻关未能取得突破。轴承钢新钢种的研发，钢材质量的提高，润滑、冷却、清洗和磨料磨具等相关技术的研发，尚不能适应轴承产品水平和质量提高的要求。因而造成工序能力指数低，一致性差，产品加工尺寸离散度大，产品内在质量不稳定而影响轴承的精度、性能、寿命和可靠性。 Third, the level of manufacturing technology is low. The technology and equipment technology of the bearing industry in China have been developed slowly, the machining numerical control rate is low, and the grinding automation level is low, and there are only more than 200 automatic production lines in the country. Advanced heat treatment technology and equipment, which are very important to the life and reliability of bearing, such as control atmosphere protection heating, double refinement, bainite quenching and so on are low, and many technical problems fail to make a breakthrough. The research and development of new bearing steel kinds of steel, the improvement of steel quality, the research and development of lubrication, cooling, cleaning and abrasive tools, can not meet the requirements of the bearing product level and quality improvement. Therefore, the process capability index is low, the consistency is poor, the product size is discrete and the product's internal quality is unstable, which affects the bearing precision, performance, life and reliability. |
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