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第一步：冷成型或热成型加工

Step 1: cold forming or hot forming

将一条直径和最终金属球的直径差不多的金属线放入封头机里。这台机器有一个金属腔，腔的每一端都是一个半球形。它会用力闭合切取金属线，从而将闭合在金属腔中的这段金属压成球形。

Put a metal wire that is about the diameter of the final metal ball into a sealing machine. This machine has a metal cavity, and each side of the cavity is a semi-spherical. It will press hard to close the cut metal line, which will crush the metal in the metal chamber.

这一过程在球的表面上留下了一圈金属环（称为铸模溢出物）。因此，从这台机器制造出来的小球看上去有点类似于土星。

The process leaves a ring of metal on the surface of the ball (called a cast spillage). As a result, the pellets made from the machine look a bit like Saturn.

第二步：去除铸模溢出物

Step 2: remove the casting spillage

接下来要将滚珠放入另一台机器以去除铸模溢出物。这台机器让滚珠在两块厚重坚硬的钢板之间滚动，这两块钢板称为沟纹板。

The ball is then placed in another machine to remove the casting spillage. The machine lets the ball roll between two thick and hard steel plates, which are called grooves.

一块沟纹板静止，另一块沟纹板旋转。这两块板上都加工有凹槽，可引导滚珠沿着环形的路径滚动。你可以看到其中一块板的某一部分被切断了，这就是滚珠进槽和出槽的口。当机器在运行时，槽内布满了滚珠。当一粒滚珠从一条凹槽滚出来后，会落入板的开口处，滚珠在这里翻滚片刻，然后进入另一条凹槽。确保每一粒滚珠从许多不同的槽通过，这样即使槽的尺寸有所不同，出来的滚珠的大小都是一样的。

A groove plate is still, and the other groove is rotated. There are grooves on both boards, which can guide the ball rolling along the circular path. You can see that part of one of the plates has been cut off, and that's where the ball goes in and out of the groove. When the machine is running, the slot is covered with ball bearings. When a ball of ball rolls out of a groove, it falls into the opening of the board, where the ball rolls for a moment and then enters another groove. Make sure that each ball of ball passes through many different slots so that the size of the ball is the same even if the slot is different.

滚珠从槽内通过时会不停地旋转翻滚，于是毛边被磨掉，滚珠也被挤压成一个球形。这有点像用手揉面团。挤压滚珠的过程压缩了金属，从而使滚珠的表面非常坚硬。滚珠是金属，在这一操作过程中会产生许多热量，因此必须给球和板浇水来冷却它们。

When the ball passes through the slot, it spins and rolls around, and the edges are ground out and the ball is crushed into a sphere. It's kind of like kneading dough. The process of squeezing the ball compresses the metal so that the ball's surface is very hard. The ball is a metal that generates a lot of heat in the process, so you must water the balls and boards to cool them.

这一过程中的变量包括：将两块板挤压在一起的压力，板的旋转速度和球停留在机器内的时间。通过合理设置这些变量，便能制造出正确尺寸的滚珠。

The variables in the process include the pressure of squeezing the two plates together, the spin speed and the time the ball stays in the machine. By setting these variables properly, you can make the ball of the right size.

第三步：对滚珠进行热处理

Step 3: heat treatment of ball bearings

滚珠进行热加工处理会提高小球的硬度和强度。首先，将滚珠加热到810℃左右，为避免在淬火时候出现裂纹，一般将滚珠置于油中冷却到60℃；然后再将滚珠加热到170℃左右（低温回火），目的是保持淬火工件高的硬度和耐磨性，降低淬火残留应力和脆性，同时整个热处理过程后，也能得到均匀的内部组织。

Hot processing of ball bearings increases the hardness and strength of the ball. First, put the ball heated to 810 ℃ or so, to avoid when quenching crack, the ball in the oil cooling to 60 ℃; Then ball heated to 170 ℃ (low temperature tempering), the purpose is to keep the quenching workpiece with high hardness and wear resistance, reduce the quenching residual stress and brittleness, after the heat treatment process at the same time, also can get the internal organization of uniform.

第四步：精细打磨

Step 4: polish it

接下来，滚珠将进入打磨工序。使用的仍然是同类型的机器，只是这次在冷却液中添加了一种研磨剂。滚珠再次从凹槽内通过后，表面被打磨光滑了，大小也被压缩成最终的尺寸。

Next, the ball will go into the grinding process. The same type of machine is still used, only this time adding an abrasive to the coolant. Once the ball is passed through the groove again, the surface is polished to smooth and the size is compressed to the final size.

第五步：对滚珠进行抛光处理

Step 5: polish the ball

这一次，仍然使用的是同类型机器，只是这一次用的板是由比较软的金属制成的，并且机器挤压两块板的压力也小了很多。另外，机器里使用的是抛光剂而不是研磨剂。这一工序在不去除任何材料的情况下，使滚珠的表面变得非常的光滑闪亮。

This time, still using the same type machine, but this time with the board is made of soft metal, two boards and extrusion machine pressure is much smaller. In addition, the machine USES a polish instead of an abrasive. This process makes the surface of the ball roll very smooth and shiny without removing any material.

第六步：检查

Step 6: check

工人用非常精密的工具对滚珠进行测量，以确定它是否满足规定工差。例如，抗磨轴承厂商协会（AFBMA）就设定了一系列针对轴承滚珠的等级标准。一粒等级为3的滚珠的圆度偏差不能超过0.008微米，直径偏差不能超过0.0008微米。这意味着，一粒直径约为0.6厘米的三级滚珠的直径范围必须在0.63492厘米和0.63508厘米之间。同时，测量出的滚珠的最小直径和最大直径之间的差别不能超过0.008微米。

The worker measured the ball with very precise tools to determine whether it met the prescribed work. For example, the anti-wear manufacturers association (AFBMA) sets a series of criteria for bearing ball bearings. A ball with a scale of 3 is not more than 0.008 micron, the diameter deviation should not exceed 0.0008 micron. This means that a three-stage ball with a diameter of about 0.6cm must be between 0.63492cm and 0.63508cm. At the same time, the difference between the minimum diameter of the ball and the maximum diameter of the ball must not exceed 0.008 micron.