轴承的分类及其特点
The classification and characteristics of bearing
根据轴承中摩擦性质的不同，可把轴承分为滑动摩擦轴承（简称滑动轴承）和滚动摩擦轴承（简称滚动轴承）两大类。滚动轴承是依靠主要元件间的滚动接触来支撑转动零件的，由于摩擦系数小，起动阻力小，功率消耗少，而且它已经标准化，选用、润滑、维护都很方便，因此在一般的机器中应用较广。滑动轴承主要应用于在某些不能、不便或使用滚动轴承没有优势的场合，如工作转速特高、特大冲击与振动、径向空间尺寸受到限制或必须剖分安装（如曲轴的轴承）以及需在水或腐蚀性介质中工作等条件下，仍占有重要地位。因此，滑动轴承在轧钢机、汽轮机等各种仪表中应用颇为广泛。
According to the different friction properties of bearings, the bearings can be divided into two categories: sliding friction bearings (referred to as sliding bearings) and rolling friction bearings (referred to as rolling bearings). Rolling bearings rely on rolling contact between main components to support rotating parts. Due to their small friction coefficient, small starting resistance and less power consumption, they have been standardized, and are very convenient for selection, lubrication and maintenance, so they are widely applied in general machines. Sliding bearing is mainly applied to use in some inconvenience or not, rolling bearings have the advantage of high speed applications, such as work, large impact and vibration, the radial space size must be restricted or split installation (such as crankshaft bearing) and in water or other corrosive medium conditions, still occupy an important position. Therefore, the sliding bearing is widely used in all kinds of instruments, such as rolling mill, steam turbine and so on.
滚动轴承可以概括的分为向心轴承、推力轴承和向心推力轴承三大类。向心轴承主要承受径向载荷，推力轴承只能承受轴向载荷，向心推力轴承既能承受轴向载荷又能承受径向载荷。
The rolling bearing can be divided into three categories: centripetal bearing, thrust bearing and centripetal thrust bearing. The centripetal bearing mainly bears the radial load, and the thrust bearing can only bear the axial load, and the thrust bearing can bear both the axial load and the radial load.